Hip Hop Culture Timeline 1970 to 1983

This timeline of hip hop culture traces the beginning of the movement in the 1970s to the early 1980s. This 13-year journey begins with The Last Poets and ends with Run-DMC. 1970 The Last Poets, a collective of spoken word artists release their debut album. Their work is considered a predecessor to rap music as it is part of the  Black Arts Movement. 1973 DJ Kool Herc (Clive Campbell) hosts what is considered the first hip hop party on Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx. Graffiti tagging spreads throughout the boroughs of New York City. Taggers would write their name followed by their street number. (Example Taki 183) 1974 Afrika Bambaataa, Grandmaster Flash and Grandmaster Caz are all influenced by DJ Kool Herc. They all begin DJing at parties throughout the Bronx. Bambaata establishes the Zulu Nation—a group of graffiti artists and breakdancers. 1975 Grandmaster Flash invents a new method of DJing. His method connects two songs during their beat breaks.   1976 Mcing, which came from shouting during DJ sets is formed Coke La Rock and Clark Kent. This art DJ Grand Wizard Theodore developed a further method of DJing—scratching a record under the needle. 1977 Hip hop culture continues to spread throughout the five boroughs of New York City. The Rock Steady Crew is formed by break dancers Jojo and Jimmy D. Graffiti artist Lee Quinones begins painting murals on basketball/handball courts and subway trains. 1979 Entrepreneur and record label owner records the Sugar Hill Gang. The group is the first to record a commercial song, known as â€Å"Rapper’s Delight.† Rapper Kurtis Blow becomes the first hip hop artist to sign to a major label, releasing â€Å"Christmas Rappin† on Mercury Records. New Jersey radio station WHBI airs Mr. Magic’s Rap Attack on Saturday evenings. The late night radio show is considered one of the factors that led hip hop to become mainstream. â€Å"To the Beat Y’All† is released by Wendy Clark also known as Lady B. She is considered on of the first female hip hop rap artists. 1980 Kurtis Blow’s album â€Å"The Breaks† is released. He is the first rapper to appear on national television. â€Å"Rapture† is recorded infusing rap music with pop art. 1981 â€Å"Gigolo Rap† is released by Captain Rapp and Disco Daddy. This is considered the first West Coast rap album. At Lincoln Center in New York City, the Rock Steady Crew and Dynamic Rockers battle. News television show 20/20 airs a feature on the â€Å"rap phenomenon.† 1982 â€Å"The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel† is released by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. The album includes tracks such as â€Å"White Lines† and â€Å"The Message.† Wild Style, the first feature film to reveal the nuances of hip hop culture is released. Written by Fab 5 Freddy and directed by Charlie Ahearn, the film explores the work of artists such as Lady Pink, Daze, Grandmaster Flash and the Rock Steady Crew.   Hip hop goes international with a tour featuring Afrika Bambaataa, Fab 5 Freddy and the Double Dutch Girls. 1983 Ice-T releases the songs â€Å"Cold Winter Madness† and â€Å"Body Rock/Killers.† These are considered some of the earliest West Coast rap songs in the gangsta rap genre. Run-DMC releases â€Å"Sucker MCs/It’s Like That.† The songs are played in heavy rotation on MTV and Top 40 radio.

The Pros and Cons of Homeschooling - 1182 Words

Homeschooling has long been an alternate method for parents to educate their children. Homeschooling is a method where a child is being schooled at home by their parents, relatives or private tutors to educate their children from pre-k to 12th grade. Basically their whole childhood to their early adulthood. Homeschooling should be avoided by parents because it can cause their children to have a difficult time integrating into society because they have extremely limited interaction with their own peers when they are homeschooled. If a child does not have enough experience of interacting with other children they would not know how to act in a more crowded environment. Also if the child is homeschooled, they would not be able to deal with difficult challenges because they would not have been exposed to any by staying in the safety of their parents and their home. To stop their children from having difficulties integrating into a social setting parents should at least take their child to a public or private school setting for at least a year to test how their child interact with their surrounding environment. It would give the child an opportunity to experience a normal school life and decide whether they like it or not. By taking them to test out a public or private school it would be beneficial both the parents and the child because if the parents decide to stay with the public school they would be saving a lot of money that they would otherwise be spending on privatizeShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Homeschooling1383 Words   |  6 PagesHomeschooling is a phenomenon that has been there for a long time where parents pass knowledge and skills learned from a long times experience to the younger generations. This practice equipped the younger generations with skills that they would use in their lives guaranteeing their success in life. Since the time that this method began, many things have changed in different aspects involving education and social setting as well. It is a time that the homeschooling practice is re-evaluated sitingRead MorePros And Cons Of Homeschooling1126 Words   |  5 Pagesother kid from public school, they could all do well if they studied hard enough and put in the work. Isabel also stated â€Å"Homeschooling is becoming more popular every day, with a growth rate of 7 to 15 percent per year. There are about two million children currently learning at home† Also said by a research by National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI) in 2010, homeschooling is growing at a rate of 2-8% every year making it the fastest among different forms of education. This may seem like aRead More Homeschooling Pros and Cons Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesHomeschooling Pros and Cons Homeschooling is a rising alternative in children’s education. As with any other major movement there have been doubts and debates as well as support and promotion for this educational approach. Homeschooling was once the norm in society before there was a public school system. But the parents involved in homeschooling feel very strongly about the positive outcomes that it has brought about in the lives and success of their children. It has once again surfaced and becomeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Homeschooling1331 Words   |  6 Pages Badr AlmutawaProfessor SpollenEnglish I24 July 2017Homeschooling: A Reasonable AlternativeHomeschooling is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to other forms of schooling such as at public or private schools. homeschooling does seem to gain opponents from time to time and they might have good points. However, this movement has rendered satisfactory results and should continue to be legal and should be respected and aided by educators and the legal systemRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Homeschooling1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhile homeschooling is legal in all 50 states, federal courts have not settled the issue of whether homeschooling should be considered a fundamental right. This means that in the future, an anti-homeschooling state legislature could take away the ability to homeschool. To protect itself against efforts to suppress the homeschooling movement, Raley suggests that the homeschooling movement seeks to have homeschooling recognized as a f undamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment. If homeschoolingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Homeschoolg And Homeschooling773 Words   |  4 Pagesfor success and improvement. Two controversial forms of education are public schooling and homeschooling. Though public schooling is beneficial, homeschooling has proven itself to be better in almost every area, including productivity, socialization, testing, cost, and flexibility. While in public school students are required to stay for countless hours, having no say in the curriculum. In homeschooling students have a flexible schedule; they can spend as much time as they want on subjects. Read MoreHomeschooling in the United States: Types, Pros and Cons Essay1988 Words   |  8 PagesIs Homeschooling A Good Educational System? Once a parent has child that is old enough to start school, the parent has to think about if they want to enroll their child in public school or homeschool them. Today, many parents are homeschooling their children. A U.S. Department of Education’s report shows that approximately 1.5 million children were being homeschooled in 2007 (Lips amp; Feinberg, 2008). This is almost 3 percent of all school age children (Lips amp; Feinberg, 2008). A privateRead MoreEssay On Homeschooling907 Words   |  4 PagesHomeschooling Many families are taking their children out of public and private school’s classroom to move the classroom to their homes. In both articles, the parents have different reasons for why they are choosing to homeschool instead of keeping their children in public or private schools. Homeschooling is not for everyone and cannot be taken lightly. There are many different reasons why families would rather homeschool instead of sending their children to public schools. According to parentsRead MoreWhy I Homeschool : The Answers Change Almost As Fast As My Kids1084 Words   |  5 Pagesor so she thought. Amy Thornton–Kelly explains the many reasons why homeschooling is the best decision she has made. First, she explains that once her husband and her considered homeschooling â€Å"the floodgates opened† to the many benefits of homeschooling. It alleviates stress, allows her kids to learn in a healthier environment and allows her to teach her kids in a more profound way. Second, Thornton-Kelly states that homeschooling allows her kids to better master subjects, unlike in public schoolsRead MoreThe Effects Of Homeschooling On Children And Public Schools895 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Homeschooling is becoming much more common now than it was years ago. Parents are now preferring to homeschool their children over public school due to many reasons such as religion, safety, academic quality travel, family togetherness, separation of government and school, mastery over grades, expenses, and focusing on learning plans made for the student. Public schools are institutions, which are funded by tax revenues from the government. Schools have boundaries to then figure

Evaluate The Organization’s Involvement To The Community Free Essays

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital was established on February 4, 1962. It was founded by an entertainer Danny Thomas. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate The Organization’s Involvement To The Community or any similar topic only for you Order Now Danny was revolutionized how children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases are treated around the world. The company’s core values, their vision and their mission explain the social responsibilities and factor that influence local and a national community. The mission of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital consists of enriching the life of children by advance means of prevention, for the cure of pediatric catastrophic diseases. Using a vast amount of research and treatment has cause a recent expansion in St Jude’s hospitals to expand its services nation wide. This modern treatment provides an opportunity for these children to live a meaningful life all while being treated. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital started as leader in research for munity-based alternative to institutional care. The need for alternative medicine and advance technological treatment of children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases was a determining factor that caused the organization to grow to what is known today. Summarize what factors have influenced the social responsibility strategies of the organization. The financial factor has a major influence in the strategies and social responsibility of the company. These funds are the fuel that keeps St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital striving for success. These funds not only pay employees but help families with medical cost and support. The factors that have caused St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital become a successful nonprofit organization can be seen in many other nonprofit companies. These companies strive to reach out to the community that has the most need, like children with Developmental disabilities, cancer and other catastrophic diseases. Does this organization have social initiative? If so what is it? The social initiative is to provide patients with exceptional medical care, it all started from St. Jude core values are to be true to their beliefs: respectful, honest, transparent and fair. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital is determine to offer a broad combination of services based on the principle of full participation in community by advancing the treatment awareness and prevention of catastrophic diseases in children’s. Jude Children’s Research Hospital receive federal and state grants, donations, foundation funding. These funds are use to conduct research for Biomedical Engineering, Cytogenetic and Protein Production. All of this research is essential in the prevention and treatment of disease like cancer (2013). What are moral effects of the organization? The protocols that St Jude has created helped rates for childhood cancers from less than 20 percent when the hospital opened in 1962 to 80 percent today Research. (2012, 0507 02). The responsibilities of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital are to the children with catastrophic diseases, their families, and to the donors that have committed their personal resources toward the mission. A major factor of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital determination for success is the fact that they’re a catholic religious hospital. Being able to generate Substantial amount donation has its moral debate. In the recent data collected science has proven the positive effect of stem cell research. Do to the catholic believe of the organization St. Jude will not fund research for cancer that has stem cells. How to cite Evaluate The Organization’s Involvement To The Community, Papers

History of American Policing free essay sample

How the Night Watch System worked as people would volunteer to watch over their neighborhood and keep the piece all night long. Nobody was In charge of doing this, It was strictly whoever wanted to do It could. Soon American scales grew too large for this system, they had to find another way to patrol the cities. The colonies decided to use the same law enforcement style that their mother country, England, used. The government hired people to enforce laws. Whoever the government chose to hire would be easily recognized as police officers and they would wear uniforms and hats. In 1833, Philadelphia became the iris city to employ both day and night watchmen. Five years later Boston formed the first organized police department, consisting of SIX full time officers. (Criminal Justice Gaines/Miller). Its amazing how far law enforcement has come since then, now instead of six law enforcement officials we have several law enforcement agencies full of thousands of people. We even have state and federal law enforcement officials. Some of the most important state law enforcement officials are the police and the highway patrol.They have evolved drastically since 1833, and are owe some of the most important people in their respected states. Some of the most Important federal law agencies are the FBI, and the CIA. Even though these are newer than the state law enforcement Norton 3 officials they still have a long and rich history. Law enforcement is the backbone of this country that has made us who we are today. Ever since 1 833 states have had their own law enforcement agencies called the police. But back then It was a lot different than It Is today.When police agencies first started to you had to be elected by political officials to become an officer. This period in policing is called the Political Era. This era lasted from 1840-1930. But the political era was very corrupt. Police salaries were very low so many of the officers would take bribes, or favors as a way to have a better income. This was called the Patronage System. During this era many officers would also provide social services for their bosses constituents, many times these responsibilities would even be more Important than the actual law enforcement.The Political Era was not a good era In united States policing. (Criminal Justice Gaines/Miller). But when Wickers Commission took over the police department things stated to take a turn for the better. This became known as the Reform Era and took place from 1930-1967. The commission wanted to take the politics out of policing and wanted to stop police brutality, and for the most part they were very successful. The Wickers Model centralized police organization, increased the use of technology in the police, and limited police discretion.During the Reform Era the police put in more middlemen policeman to help keep an eye out on the officers, they also increased police salaries o that there would be less corruption throughout the agency. But during the Civil Rights Era things started to go downhill for the police again. In the sass crime rate in America doubled. With all of the riots and antiwar sentiment the police had a lot on their hands. During this time the police became a symbol in society that denied blacks equal rights under the law. This did not look good on the Norton 4 police, and an era that started off so good ended on such a low note. Criminal Justice Gaines/Miller/ History of American Policing, 2011). The final era of policing that we re currently in today is called the Community Era. In this era the police have become closer to the community, and interact with the civilians a lot more in an attempt to prevent crime. During this era police officers were asked to become a problem solver just as much as a crime fighter. The police in the United States have had a very up and down history, but today they are one of the most important Jobs in society.As important as the police are they are not the only state law enforcement officials. The Highway Patrol is another state law enforcement department. In my pinion the Highway Patrol are the most underrated law enforcement officers, hardly anyone gives them recognition for their hard work. But since Highway Patrol is ran by the state every agency has a very different history, for example, every agency even started at different times. For instance the Utah Highway Patrol started in 1923, while the California Highway Patrol started in 1929.When the patrol first started in Utah, they only had 2 patrolmen and they didnt even have uniforms they were Just state employees. In 1928 they added three more officers and gave them uniforms and edges, their budget was only 11,743 dollars! Since then the agency has grown very much and the budget has also increased. In 1990 the Utah State Highway Patrol had 192 officers. The highway patrol are responsible for five things; the first is accident investigation, they gather evidence to see what the cause of the accident was.They enforce highway laws such as speeding. They educate the public about highway laws. They respond to emergencies. And they also report any damage on the road. But believe it or not, when the agency first started there were not a lot of laws to enforce, in 1931 every state in the United States passed the Traffic Act which made it so drivers Norton 5 had to have vehicle registration, a drivers license, automobile anti-theft, and uniform traffic regulation. As automobile technology increased and cars started driving faster the importance of the highway patrol grew.In the sass the patrol stated to grow again. The sass was a very important decade for Utah Highway Patrol, during this decade they started having Red Cross on highways to respond to emergencies faster, officers started to receive firearm training, and in 1951 the Department of Public Safety was created. During the next several decades highway patrol technology increased dramatically, they started to make helicopter, the invented the radar gun among several things that helped make patrolling easier.Today the Highway Patrol are one the most important agencies in the country, (History of the Utah Highway Patrol Beginning in 1923, by Sergeant Less Langford, Ret). Law enforcement agencies. The most famous federal law enforcement agency is the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI was created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. The FBI was made to deal with things like interstate commerce and foreign affairs, because during that time the federal government looked to cities and states to fulfill the need of a national government.There were also very few federal crimes, the agency mostly dealt with national banking, bankruptcy, naturalization, antitrust, peonage, and land fraud. On May 10, 1924 the FBI was handed over to J. Edgar Hoover, under Hoover the agency grew rapidly and by the end of the decade they had agencies all over the country. As soon as Hoover was put in office he fired anyone that he felt was unqualified, he even made training orgasm that you had to complete before you could become an agent. By the end of the sass the FBI was becoming a force in American law enforcement.And in the sass the FBI was a part of making many new federal Norton 6 laws, the played a major role in new kidnapping laws and laws about criminals crossing over state lines. During World War 2 the FBI also played a major role, they were responsible for making sure that everything on our homeland was safe so they arrested anyone who was a threat to our national security, this included the arrests of 33 German, Japanese, and Italian spies. They also did much of the same during the Cold War. They would arrest anyone who was a suspected communist and take them into Federal custody.In the sass the FBI really had their work cut out for them with terrorism. Once terrorism stated happening in the U. S. And all over the world the FBI was responsible for keeping the people in America safe, and this holds true today. During this decade they also made a National Security threat list with some of the most dangerous criminals in the world. The Bureau to this day has this list and they keep a close eye on anyone who is on the list. As the ass started and technology became more advanced it has become easier the FBI to catch criminals.They now have wires that they can go undercover and make recordings to use as evidence to convict criminals, and DNA identifying has become much more advanced. The FBI also got much more Jurisdiction over federal crimes during this decade and they deal with some of the most dangerous, wanted criminals in the country. After the terrorist attacks of 9-11 President Bush passed the Patriots Act which made it so you can listen to people phone conversations, read their e-mails, etc. His made it so the FBI can keep a better watch on suspected terrorists and keep the American people safer.Over the past hundred years the FBI has went from a small law enforcement agency to the biggest, most famous, law enforcement agency in the country that has more jurisdiction than any other federal agency. Without the FBI this great country would be a very different place, (FBI. Go). Norton 7 The final law enforcement agency that Im going to talk about is the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The CIA has Jurisdiction over anything that has to do with foreign countries. They are an intelligence-gathering agency that deals mainly with terrorism and foreign affairs.The CIA was made in 1947 as part of the National Security Act after World War 2. In the Acacias early days are they were responsible for analyzing it. As time went on the CIA received more responsibilities from the government. The CIA became responsible for enforcing Executive Orders made by the president, and they are now responsible for gathering information on some of the worlds most dangerous terrorists, (The CIA was the organization that gathered the intelligence that lead to the death of Osama Bin Laden). The CIA was the most important intelligence gathering agency in the U. S. Urine the red scare. They found out all of the information that the United States government needed to know about the Soviet Union; they found out how many nuclear bombs the U. S. S. R had, if they were making more, and what they were talking about doing with them. The CIA always had undercover special agents stationed in the Soviet Union. The CIA was also played a major role in gathering intelligence during the Korean and Vietnam wars. Even though the CIA doesnt have as long and glorious past like many of the other law enforcement agencies they are Just as important as any other agency.They help our government stay one step ahead they rest of the world and they keep our country and all of us who live here safe from other countries and people who want to hurt us without taking any credit for it; in large part because they stop bad things from happening before they even happen. The CIA saves thousands of lives a year (CIA. Gob fast. Org/rip/CIA). Norton 8 America is the freest country in the world, but that doesnt mean that we dont have laws, we are a country of laws, and we have lots of them. And with laws come people who enforce the laws. America has to any law enforcement agencies to count and each agency has Jurisdiction over different things. With so many different agencies that specialize in different things it is no wonder why we have the best law enforcement in the world. The one thing that can really tear a country down is fighting within its self, and with our great law enforcement I dont think that that will ever happen. Each agency is important in its own way and if we lost one it would be a very bad thing for our country. There is no doubt in my mind that law enforcement is the backbone of this country that has made us who we are today.